What Is SS-31?
SS-31, also known as elamipretide and formerly MTP-131, is a synthetic tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂. The alternating aromatic-cationic structure is what allows it to cross cell membranes and concentrate in mitochondria without requiring a membrane potential to do so.
It belongs to the Szeto-Schiller peptide series, from which it takes its designation.
How It Is Studied to Work
SS-31 binds cardiolipin, a phospholipid found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is essential to the structure of the cristae and to the assembly of electron transport chain supercomplexes.
The mechanism under study is structural rather than antioxidant in the conventional sense: by associating with cardiolipin, SS-31 is investigated for its effect on cristae architecture and on the efficiency of electron transfer, with reduced electron leak proposed as a consequence rather than the primary action.
Evidence and Regulatory Status
SS-31 is unusual in this category in having reached human clinical trials. Elamipretide has been evaluated in studies of primary mitochondrial myopathy and Barth syndrome, among other conditions, and there is a published clinical literature to consult rather than only preclinical work.
That said, it holds no marketing authorisation from the MHRA and is not a licensed medicine in the United Kingdom. Regulatory positions in this area have moved more than once, so anyone relying on current status should check the relevant regulator directly rather than a supplier's summary. Material supplied here is for laboratory research only.
Research Handling and Quality
Supplied lyophilised and stored below −20°C, protected from light. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water down the vial wall and swirl rather than shake; aliquot to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Because the sequence contains D-arginine and a dimethylated tyrosine, identity confirmation is worth more than a purity figure alone — a chromatogram and mass confirmation tell you what you have, whereas a percentage tells you only how homogeneous it is.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is SS-31 the same as elamipretide?
What does SS-31 bind to?
Has SS-31 been tested in humans?
How should SS-31 be stored?
Related Guides
Products discussed in this guide are for research and laboratory use only. AllMyPeptides does not condone or support misuse of any research materials. Not for human or animal consumption.